資訊

台灣顎針蟻 Anochetus taiwaniensis (risii)

台灣顎針蟻分佈於中低海拔山區,常築巢於潮濕陰蔽的環境,會以土塊建築出特殊的球形蟻室、或是在淺層土中暫時性巢穴。

台灣顎針蟻屬於雜食偏肉食的螞蟻,其主要以白蟻為食,在野外的環境中形成數十至上百隻的群落,屬於單后制的螞蟻類型。

牠的外觀與高山鋸針蟻相似,但在體型和大顎的張開方式上有明顯的差異。台灣顎針蟻的體長約為6.5至7毫米左右,頭部呈五角形且後頭有一凹陷。

頭部的側緣中間有一凹陷,頭蓋平滑,刻紋不明顯,前端無刻紋,並有一些短絲狀的著生毛。頭楯的前緣也呈凹陷狀。觸角溝向後延伸至頭部的一半位置。大顎呈線狀鐮刀狀,前端明顯分叉,大顎亞前緣則具有一些小齒狀結構。




頭部外型

幼蟲

蟻后


台灣顎針蟻和高山鋸針蟻一樣,大顎張開可超過180度,會使用大顎反彈地面跳起逃跑,並使用大顎與螫針獵食。

(圖中為A. taiwaniensis蟻后)


台灣已發現顎針蟻有以下3種
Anochetus risii Forel, 1900 
Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912 甲仙顎針蟻 
Anochetus taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989 臺灣顎針蟻 











膜翅目研究雜誌將Anochetus taiwaniensis列為Anochetus risii的同物異名

(Journal of Hymenoptera Research於2019/2月發佈)
 

Anochetus risii

Pic:AntWeb


Anochetus taiwaniensis

Pic:AntWeb

經過對A. risii和A. taiwaniensis工蟻圖像的詳細比較後,我們注意到這兩個物種在多個方面具有完全一致的特徵,包括頭部、下顎、觸角、眼睛、背板、腹柄結和測量範圍。

根據Terayama(1989)的研究,A. taiwanensis和A. risii的區別在於下顎骨的寬度和前者下顎背側內緣的細小齒狀突起。然而,我們無法從圖像中識別出這些差異。

唯一可以區別兩者的特徵是A. taiwaniensis的前胸背板側面具有細小的皺紋。因此,我們認為將A. taiwaniensis視為A. risii的同物異名是較為合理的做法。









原文:
[In full-face view head longer than broad, posterior margin strongly concave. Mandibles linear, gradually broadened apically; inner margin with several denticles, gradually decreasing in size towards base; apical portion with three distinct teeth. Antennae 12-segmented; scapes surpassing to posterior corners of head by about 1/5 of its length. Eyes large, maximum diameter of eye wider than the basal width of mandibles.

In lateral view mesosoma slender. Pronotum weakly convex. Promesonotal suture shallowly impressed. Mesonotum weakly convex, sloping posteriorly. Metanotal groove deeply concave. Dorsum of propodeum almost straight, posterodorsal corner bluntly angled. Petiole cone-shaped and slightly inclined posteriorly, with a pointed dorsal apex, anterior margin weakly convex, posterior margin almost straight; subpetiolar process triangular, directed posteroventrally.

Frons longitudinally to obliquely striate posteriorly; frontal lobes and clypeus weakly striate, remainder of head smooth and shining. Mesosoma smooth and shining, propodeum and lower part of metapleuron obliquely rugose. Sometimes sides of pronotum weakly longitudinal rugose. Petiole smooth and shining, basal area weakly striate. Gaster smooth and shining. Body dorsum with abundant erect to suberect hairs and dense decumbent pubescence; scapes and tibiae with scattered suberect hairs and dense decumbent pubescence. Body blackish brown; antennae and legs yellowish brown.

Recognition and discussion
After detailed comparison of type worker images of A. risii (CASENT0907411) and A. taiwaniensis (CASENT0902440 & CASENT0915167), we noticed that both species have completely consistent characters in head, mandibles, antennae, eyes, mesosoma, petiole and measurement range. Terayama (1989) pointed out that A. taiwanensis is distinguished from A. risii by “broader mandibular shafts and small denticles of the dorsal inner margin of the mandible in the former”. However, we are unable to recognize these differences. The only difference between them is that A. taiwaniensis has the pronotum weakly rugose laterally. Consequently, we consider it safe to propose A. taiwaniensis as a junior synonym of A. rissi here.

Distribution
Known from Vietnam, Indonesia and Southern China.]






參考資料:http://taibif.tw http://taieol.tw/pages/97237 http://www.antcat.org/catalog/430939 https://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id= 25318 http://www.antwiki.org/wiki/Anochetus_taiwaniensis




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